How is a DNA test Performed?

There are a number of different DNA testing protocols used throughout the world today. They generally use the same principles and analyse a small portion of DNA that is known to be highly variable from individual to indivdual. Most DNA testing laboratories use a technique based on a process known as PCR (polymerase chain reaction). This is simply a means of 'copying' targetted regions of DNA to provide sufficient material for laboratory analysis.

The stages of DNA testing include:

1. Obtaining DNA samples generally from the child and alleged father. A simple painless mouthswab is all that is required, which can be taken by yourself in the comfort of your own home. Most DNA testing companies provide a free kit that can be used for this process.

2. The samples are posted to the DNA testing laboratory for analysis to be carried out. At the laboratory the samples are will undergo a strictly controlled procedure which will include:

1. Extracting the cells from the mouth swabs
2. Purifying and harvesting the DNA material held within the cells
3. Copying specific target regions of the DNA sample
4. Separating the different target regions of DNA from each other
5. Analysing the results of the DNA testing process
6. Repeating all of the above process to confirm the final result

 

3. The results are confirmed and a report produced. The report will provide conclusive information about the relationship between the child and the alleged father.

The purpose for doing the DNA test will determine the detailed stages of the process. For example if the DNA test is being carried out for 'peace of mind' than the above process with 'self sampling' would be adequate. However if there is a likely to be legal representation for example for child support, than there are further issues to consider (chain of custody), to ensure the validity of the paternit test results (see DNA testing FAQ).